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The negative/positive charges don’t want to be clumped together in one place if they can help it. But a neutral object does not have a net charge, so it cannot separate the charges in another neutral object.
In the induction process, a charged object is brought near but not touched to a neutral conducting object. The presence of a charged object near a neutral conductor will force (or induce) electrons within the conductor to move. The flow of electrons results in a permanent charge being left upon the object.
When two conductors are made to touch, the total charge on them is shared between the two. If the two conductors are identical, then each conductor will be left with half of the total charge. The electrostatic force determines the arrangement of charge on the surface of conductors.
In both cases the can is attracted. Whether the rod is positive or negative, the rod polarizes the can so the side of the can closest to the rod has a charge opposite to the charge on the rod. This leads to a net attractive force between the can and the rod. The same kind of thing happens with a stream of water.
Therefore, all things are made up of charges. Opposite charges attract each other (negative to positive). Like charges repel each other (positive to positive or negative to negative). Most of the time positive and negative charges are balanced in an object, which makes that object neutral.
Grounding is the grounding of a positively charged object and involves the transfer of electrons from the ground into the object. The excess of positive charge on the object attracts electrons from the ground.
Grounding is the process of removing the excess charge on an object by means of the transfer of electrons between it and another object of substantial size. When a charged object is grounded, the excess charge is balanced by the transfer of electrons between the charged object and a ground.
When two negatively charged objects are brought near each other, a repulsive force is produced. When two positively charged objects are brought near each other, a similar repulsive force is produced. When a negatively charged object is brought near a positively charged object, an attractive force is produced.
If an object is temporarily grounded, it can be charged by induction, and obtains the opposite sign charge. Polarized objects have their positive and negative charges concentrated in different areas, giving them a non-symmetrical charge. Polar molecules have an inherent separation of charge.
Electric forces are repulsive for objects of like charge and attractive between objects of the opposite type of charge or between charged objects and neutral objects.
Ground is neither positive nor negative but it can *appear* to be either depending on how you define ground. Typically ground is an extremely low impedance path for current to flow and has a 0V reference voltage.
Any charged object has excess of either electrons (if negatively charged) or protons (if positively charged). When we touch such an object, the extra charges tries to flow through our body to the ground or the earth. This happens because the earth is deficient in charges as compared to the charged object.
The ground connection is broken before the charged rod is removed, leaving the sphere with an excess charge opposite to that of the rod. Again, an opposite charge is achieved when charging by induction and the charged rod loses none of its excess charge.
When a charged object comes in contact with the Earth, the charges flow into the Earth and the body gets discharged. This process is called earthing.
Table of Three to Six Electron Domains
Electron Domains | Arrangement of Electron Domains | Examples |
---|---|---|
NH3, PCl3 | ||
H2O, SCl2 | ||
5 | Trigonal bipyramidal (5 electron domains) | PCl5, AsF5 |
SF4 |
2 electron domains
No, the name doesn;t change if you use any types of bonds 8. The phrase “electron domain” is used in discussions of molecular geometry to mean either a lone pair or a bond on the central atom of a molecule.
So there are two valence electrons for Hydrogen atoms. There are ten valence electrons in C2H2 molecule….C2H2 Lewis structure, Molecular Geometry, Hybridization & Bond angle.
Name of molecule | Ethyne ( C2H2) |
---|---|
Bond Angles | 180° |
Molecular Geometry of C2H2 | Linear |
VSEPR stands for Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion. That’s a real mouthful for what is really a rather simple idea. The electrons (both in pairs and singles as you will see) are “attached” to a central atom in the molecule and can “pivot” freely on the atom’s surface to move away from the other electrons.
According to this model, valence electrons in the Lewis structure form groups, which may consist of a single bond, a double bond, a triple bond, a lone pair of electrons, or even a single unpaired electron, which in the VSEPR model is counted as a lone pair. …
Molecular Geometries. The VSEPR theory describes five main shapes of simple molecules: linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral.
Hybridization and Electron Pair Geometry For sp2 hybridized central atoms the only possible molecular geometry is trigonal planar. If there are only three bonds and one lone pair of electrons holding the place where a bond would be then the shape becomes trigonal pyramidal, 2 bonds and 2 lone pairs the shape is bent.