What is the example of symbiosis?

Examples of symbiosis An example of mutual symbiosis is the relationship between clownfish that live among the tentacles of tropical sea anemones. The clownfish protects the anemone from other fish. Clownfish waste excreted provides vital nutrients, and they can boost their hosts’ oxygen supplies at night too.

Which is not a Biofertilizer?

Biofertilizers like Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Rhizobium, blue green algae have been in use for a very long time. Usually a mixture made of blue green algae and seaweed works as an ideal manure or biofertilizer. The answer for this question is Option A – Agrobacterium is not a biofertilizer.

Which bacteria is most commonly used in genetically modified plants?

A number of techniques exist for the production of GM plants. The two most commonly employed are the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which is naturally able to transfer DNA to plants, and the ‘gene gun’, which shoots microscopic particles coated with DNA into the plant cell.

Which process uses bacteria DNA copy?

recombinant DNA Technology

What are the 4 steps of gene cloning?

In the classical restriction enzyme digestion and ligation cloning protocols, cloning of any DNA fragment essentially involves four steps:

• isolation of the DNA of interest (or target DNA),
• ligation,
• transfection (or transformation), and.
• a screening/selection procedure.

How do you clone a cell?

To make a clone, scientists transfer the DNA from an animal’s somatic cell into an egg cell that has had its nucleus and DNA removed. The egg develops into an embryo that contains the same genes as the cell donor. Then the embryo is implanted into an adult female’s uterus to grow.

How do you clone a gene of interest?

Steps of DNA cloning

1. Cut open the plasmid and “paste” in the gene. This process relies on restriction enzymes (which cut DNA) and DNA ligase (which joins DNA).
2. Insert the plasmid into bacteria.
3. Grow up lots of plasmid-carrying bacteria and use them as “factories” to make the protein.

How do you confirm cloning?

Method #1: A classic way Blue-white screening is a negative selection system using bacterial lactose metabolism as an indicator of successful cloning. Across the vector’s cloning site lies a DNA sequence encoding a peptide, which can be visually detected as blue colonies.

Which cloning method is the best?

Restriction enzyme (endonuclease) based molecular cloning is the “classic” cloning method, and for many reasons, remains one of the most popular today. Restriction enzymes, which are naturally produced by certain bacteria and archaea, cleave double stranded DNA (dsDNA) at specific sequence sites in the DNA.

How do you amplify a gene of interest?

The gene of interest usually has to be amplified from genomic or vector DNA by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) before it can be cloned into an expression vector.

What does it mean to amplify DNA?

Definition. In molecular biology, amplification is a process by which a nucleic acid molecule is enzymatically copied to generate a progeny population with the same sequence as the parental one. The most widely used amplification method is Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).