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Models of representation refer to ways in which elected officials behave in representative democracies There are three main types: delegate, trustee, and politico
Ontologies, if they are to be used for automatic processing in computers, need to be specified formally These languages provide means for expressing particular ontology, and often they can be also used for expressing knowledge base based on the ontology
As nouns the difference between representative and representation is that representative is one who may speak for another in a particular capacity, especially in negotiation while representation is that which represents another
Representative democracy, also known as indirect democracy or representative government, is a type of democracy founded on the principle of elected persons representing a group of people, as opposed to direct democracy Representative democracy places power in the hands of representatives who are elected by the people
Mirror representation is the idea that an elected body of representatives should reflect society’s different groups in similar proportions to those that exist in the wider population
Substantive representation is when an elected official represents the people in the district no matter what the characteristics of the elected official are If the people of a district want an elected official to vote for higher taxes on the rich, the official will do that even if the elected official is wealthy
Descriptive representation is representing constituents by mirroring their personal, politically relevant characteristics Substantive representation means representing the interest of groups
The delegate model of representation is a model of a representative democracy In this model, constituents elect their representatives as delegates for their constituency Essentially, the representative acts as the voice of those who are (literally) not present
Descriptive representation A belief that constituents are more effectively represented by legislators who are similar to them in such key demographic characteristics as race, gender, ethnicity, or religion
Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives (called either delegates or resident commissioner, in the case of Puerto Rico) are representatives of their territory in the House of Representatives, who do not have a right to vote on proposed legislation in the full House but nevertheless have floor
A delegate is a person selected to represent a group of people in some political assembly of the United States In the United States Congress delegates are elected to represent the interests of a United States territory and its citizens or nationals
This model was formulated by Edmund Burke (, an Irish MP and philosopher, who opposed the delegate model of representation In the trustee model, Burke argued that his behavior in Parliament should be informed by his knowledge and experience, allowing him to serve the public interest
The trustee is responsible for establishing a village budget and making sure that budget is kept
The trustee model is decisions made by elected officials using their own personal views, or based on the public good rather than on the basis of constituents’ views A member of Congress could act as a trustee rather than a delegate due to a difficulty determining what voters want
The Framers chose a republican form of government because they wanted both to ensure that the people would be represented and to limit the potential power of factions The Framers divided power among the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary
delegate
The United States and Nigeria are examples of presidential democracies The executive branch includes the president and his cabinet Along with the judicial and legislative branch, the three branches of government work to keep checks and balances, but the president has final say
He describes democracy as a system of government with four key elements: i) A system for choosing and replacing the government through free and fair elections; ii) Active participation of the people, as citizens, in politics and civic life; iii) Protection of the human rights of all citizens; and iv) A rule of law in
“It [the difference] is that in a democracy, the people meet and exercise the government in person: in a republic, they assemble and administer it by their representatives and agents A democracy, consequently, must be confined to a small spot A republic may be extended over a large region”